Pengaruh Edukasi Kesehatan dan Aktivitas Fisik Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Gula Darah pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Bakam

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease with an increasing prevalence due to low health literacy and lack of physical activity. This study aimed to determine the effect of health education and physical activity on reducing blood glucose levels among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Bakam Public Health Center. The research employed a pretest–posttest design with a total of 33 respondents selected through total sampling. The intervention consisted of health education on diabetes management and a physical activity program in the form of a 30-minute exercise session conducted once a week for two weeks. Data were collected using a knowledge questionnaire and blood glucose measurements taken before and after the intervention. The normality test showed that the blood glucose data were not normally distributed (pre = 0.021; post = 0.015), thus the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was applied for analysis. The results indicated an increase in respondents’ knowledge after receiving health education and a significant reduction in blood glucose levels from an average of 217.58 mg/dL before the intervention to 181.21 mg/dL after the intervention (p = 0.000). Physical activity also contributed to reducing blood glucose levels, although differences between activity intensities were not significant. Therefore, it can be concluded that combining health education with physical activity is effective as a non-pharmacological effort to lower blood glucose levels among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients in primary healthcare settings.